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New York Promissory Note

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New York at a glance: Civil Usury Limit: 16% per year · Criminal Usury Limit: 25% per year · Governing Law: N.Y. Gen. Oblig. Law § 5-501

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Overview

Promissory Notes in New York

New York promissory notes are governed by the General Obligations Law and Banking Law. New York has a civil usury cap of 16% per year (N.Y. GOL § 5-501). Charging an interest rate above 16% is civil usury, making the entire loan contract void and unenforceable. Interest rates exceeding 25% per year constitute criminal usury under New York Penal Law, which is a class E felony.
Key Facts

New York Promissory Note — Quick Reference

RequirementNew York Rule
Civil Usury Limit16% per year
Criminal Usury Limit25% per year
Governing LawN.Y. Gen. Oblig. Law § 5-501
Default Legal Rate6% (if not written)
Legal Requirements

New York Legal Requirements

  • Interest rates must remain below 16% per year for civil loans.
  • Notes charging above 16% are completely void; the lender cannot recover principal or interest.
  • Late fees must comply with New York state court rules on liquidated damages (must be reasonable).
Governing Laws

New York Governing Laws

N.Y. Gen. Oblig. Law § 5-501
Rate of Interest
Sets the maximum civil interest rate at 16% per year on loans of money.
N.Y. Penal Law § 190.40
Criminal Usury
Establishes that charging interest in excess of 25% per year is a felony.

Read the full text of these laws at Cornell Law School's New York legal resources or your state legislature's official website.

Questions & Answers

New York Promissory Note — Frequently Asked Questions

What is the maximum interest rate allowed in New York?

The maximum civil interest rate on loans in New York is 16% per year. Rates between 16.01% and 25% are civilly usurious, and rates above 25% are criminally usurious.

Can a lender collect principal if a New York loan is usurious?

No. In New York, a civilly usurious loan is completely void. The lender loses the right to collect both the interest and the principal amount.